- Barrow, S., A Revision of Phoenix, Kew Bulletin vol. 53(3): 1-61 (1998)
Synonymous genera:
- Elate L. (1753)
1

2

3

4

5
![Phoenix pusilla Gaertner / O. Beccari, Malesia, vol. 3 : t. 44, fig. 5 (1886-1890) [O. Beccari]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/327601.jpg)
6
![Phoenix dactylifera species L. [Palma dactylifera species (L.) Mill.] / , vol. 2 : t. 578 (1796)](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/472172.jpg)
7

8
![Phoenix acaulis Roxb. / W. Roxburgh, Pl. Coromandel, vol. 3 : t. 273 (1819) [n.a.]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/61484.jpg)
9
![Phoenix acaulis Roxb. / O. Beccari, Malesia, vol. 3 : t. 44, fig. 4 (1886-1890) [O. Beccari]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/327600.jpg)
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17
![Phoenix canariensis Chabaud / Rev. Hort. (Paris), ser. 4, vol. 60 (60e ANNÉE - 1888): (1888) [Godard]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/314763.jpg)
18

19
![Phoenix canariensis Chabaud / O. Beccari, Malesia, vol. 3 : t. 43, fig. 2 (1886-1890) [O. Beccari]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/327596.jpg)
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21
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / M.E. Descourtilz, Fl. Méd. Antilles, vol. 4 : t. 273 (1827) [J.T. Descourtilz]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/91136.jpg)
22
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / E. Blackwell, Cur. Herbal, vol. 1 : t. 202 (1737) [E. Blackwell]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/119044.jpg)
23
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / E. Kämpher (Kaempfer), Amoen. Exot.: p. 673, fig. 1 (1712) [F.W. Brandshagen]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/173062.jpg)
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25
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / M.E. Descourtilz, Fl. Méd. Antilles, vol. 4 : t. 274 (1827) [J.T. Descourtilz]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/91145.jpg)
26
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / C. Wilson, Picturesque Palestine, Sinai and Egypt, vol. 4 : p. 7 (1881) [J.D. Woodward]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/312842.jpg)
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30
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / S. Kleiner, Representation des animaux menagerie monseigneur prince Eugene Francois: t. 3], fig. k (1734)](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/358670.jpg)
31
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / M. North, Paintings M. North: t. 510, fig. 1 () [M. North]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/329743.jpg)
32

33
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / M. North, Paintings M. North: t. 514 () [M. North]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/329747.jpg)
34
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / T.C. Archer, Pop. Econ. Bot.: p. 30, t. 9, fig. 47 (1853) [W.H. Fitch]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/173587.jpg)
35

36

37
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / M. North, Paintings M. North: t. 28, fig. 1 () [M. North]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/329261.jpg)
38

39
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / J.W. Weinmann, Phytanthoza iconogr., vol. 4 : t. 783 (1745) [unsigned]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/126782.jpg)
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41

42
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / U. Aldrovandi, Tav. Acquerel. Ulisse Alsrovandi, vol. 1 : t. 7 (1550-1600) [U. Aldrovandi]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/373317.jpg)
43
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / R. Dodoens [Dodonaeus ], Stirp. Hist. Pempt.: p. 807, fig. 2 (1583)](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/393802.jpg)
44

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46

47

48
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / A. Raffeneau-Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat., vol. 3 (Plates): t. 62 (1813) [H.J. Redouté]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/48979.jpg)
49

50
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / A. Raffeneau-Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat., vol. 3 (Plates): t. 62 (1813) [H.J. Redouté]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/48980.jpg)
51

52

53
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / C.G. Ehrenberg, F.W. Hemprich, C.M. Schumann, Symb. Phys., Bot.: t. 10 (1900) [GerdaRhoetig]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/59999.jpg)
54

55

56

57
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / O. Beccari, Malesia, vol. 3 : t. 43, fig. 1 (1886-1890) [O. Beccari]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/327530.jpg)
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61
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / P.J.F. Turpin, Dict. Sci. Nat., Pl. Bot., vol. 2 : t. 25] (1816-1829) [P.J.F. Turpin]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/271989.jpg)
62
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / P.J.F. Turpin, Dict. Sci. Nat., Pl. Bot., vol. 2 : t. 26] (1816-1829) [P.J.F. Turpin]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/271990.jpg)
63
64
65

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68
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / J.L.M. Poiret, Hist. Philos. Pl. Eur., vol. 1 : t. 17 (1825) [A. Poiret]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/422287.jpg)
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75
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / T.F.L. Nees von Esenbeck, M.F. Wijhe (Weyhe), Pl. Medicin., vol. 2 : (1828) [A. Henry]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/321683.jpg)
76

77
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / C.F.B. de Mirbel, Hist. Nat. Pl., vol. 8(): (An XII): t. 24 (1804) [J.E. de Sève]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/476310.jpg)
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83
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / R. Dodoens [Dodonaeus ], Stirp. Hist. Pempt.: p. 807, fig. 1 (1583)](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/393382.jpg)
84
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / J. Loesel [Loeselius], Fl. Pruss.: t. 0 (1703)](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/302246.jpg)
85
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat., vol. 3 : t. 15 (1817) [P.J.F. Turpin]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/362153.jpg)
86

87

88
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / M. North, Paintings M. North: t. 157, fig. 1 () [M. North]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/329390.jpg)
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100
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / E. Kämpher (Kaempfer), Amoen. Exot.: p. 711 (1712) [F.W. Brandshagen]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/172987.jpg)
101

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105
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / E. Kämpher (Kaempfer), Amoen. Exot.: p. 697, fig. 1 (1712) [F.W. Brandshagen]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/307916.jpg)
106

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108
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / J.S. Kerner, Hort. Semperv., vol. 61 : t. 721 (1825) [J.S. Kerner]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/307421.jpg)
109
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / L. Figuier, Hist. Pl. (Viguier): p. 294, fig. 353 (1867) [A, Faguet]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/151518.jpg)
110
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / J.S. Kerner, Hort. Semperv., vol. 61 : t. 722 (1825) [J.S. Kerner]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/307422.jpg)
111
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / J.S. Kerner, Hort. Semperv., vol. 61 : t. 723 (1825) [J.S. Kerner]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/307423.jpg)
112

113
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / W. Rhind, Hist. Veg. Kingd.: t. 8, fig. 2 (1868) [W.H. Fitch]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/480996.jpg)
114
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / N.J. von Jacquin, Collectanea, vol. 5 (Supplementum): p. 158, t. 15, fig. 3 (1796) [N.J. Jacquin]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/217062.jpg)
115
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / J.B.P.A. de Monet de Lamarck, J.L.M. Poiret, Tabl. Encycl., vol. 4 : t. 893 (1791-1823) [J.E. de Seve]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/350447.jpg)
116
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / C.G. Ehrenberg, Symb. Phys.: p. 19, t. 10, fig. 2 (1900) [C.G. Ehrenberg]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/212211.jpg)
117

118
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / H.L. Duhamel du Monceau, Traité arbr. arbust., ed. 2, vol. 4 : t. 1bis (1809) [P.J. Redouté & Mr. Martin]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/250364.jpg)
119
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / M. North, Paintings M. North: t. 360, fig. 2 () [M. North]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/330237.jpg)
120
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / H.L. Duhamel du Monceau, Traité arbr. arbust., ed. 2, vol. 4 : t. 2bis (1809) [P.J. Redouté]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/250365.jpg)
121
![Phoenix dactylifera L. / H.L. Duhamel du Monceau, Traité arbr. arbust., ed. 2, vol. 4 : t. 3bis (1809) [P.J. Redouté]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/250366.jpg)
122

123

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125

126
![Phoenix paludosa Roxb. / O. Beccari, Malesia, vol. 3 : t. 44, fig. 6 (1886-1890) [O. Beccari]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/327602.jpg)
127

128

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131

132
![Phoenix reclinata Jacq. / O. Beccari, Malesia, vol. 3 : t. 44, fig. 1 (1886-1890) [O. Beccari]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/327531.jpg)
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136
![Phoenix reclinata Jacq. / J.S. Kerner, Hort. Semperv., vol. 62 : t. 736 (1825) [J.S. Kerner]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/307436.jpg)
137

138
![Phoenix rupicola T. Anderson / Ill. Hort., vol. 34 : t. 3 (1887) [P. de Pannemaeker]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/113947.jpg)
139

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141

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146

147

148
![Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. / O. Beccari, Malesia, vol. 3 : t. 43, fig. 2 (1886-1890) [O. Beccari]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/327597.jpg)
149

150

151
![Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. / Ill. Hort., vol. 10 : t. 351 (1863) [P. Stroobant]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/37095.jpg)
152

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155
![Phoenix loureiroi Kunth [Phoenix humilis Royle ex Becc.] / O. Beccari, Malesia, vol. 3 : t. 44, fig. 2 (1886-1890) [O. Beccari]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/327598.jpg)
156
![Phoenix canariensis Chabaud [Phoenix cycadifolia Regel] / E.A. von Regel, Gartenflora, vol. 28 : t. 974 (1879)](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/325848.jpg)
157
![Phoenix canariensis Chabaud [Phoenix jubae (Webb & Berthel.) Webb ex H.Christ] / G.H.H. Karsten, K. Chun, Wiss. Erg. Exp. Valdivia, vol. 2 : p. 262, fig. 5 (1898-1922) [R. Anheisser]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/310249.jpg)
158
![Phoenix dactylifera L. [Palma major Garsault] / F.A.P. de Garsault, Descr. Vertus Pl., vol. 1 : t. 47 (1767)](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/394106.jpg)
159
![Phoenix dactylifera L. [Phoenix melanocarpa Sauvaigo] / Rev. Hort. (Paris), ser. 4, vol. 66 (66e ANNÉE - 1894): (1894)](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/317425.jpg)
160
![Phoenix dactylifera L. [Phoenix melanocarpa Sauvaigo] / Rev. Hort. (Paris), ser. 4, vol. 66 (66e ANNÉE - 1894): , fig. 183 (1894)](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/317426.jpg)
161
![Phoenix dactylifera L. [Phoenix melanocarpa Sauvaigo] / Rev. Hort. (Paris), ser. 4, vol. 66 (66e ANNÉE - 1894): , fig. 184 (1894)](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/317427.jpg)
162
![Phoenix pusilla Gaertner [Phoenix farinifera Roxb.] / W. Roxburgh, Pl. Coromandel, vol. 1 : t. 74 (1795) [n.a.]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/61285.jpg)
163
![Phoenix pusilla Gaertner [Phoenix zeylanica Trimen] / H. Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon (Atlas): t. 95 (1893-1898) [W. DeAlwis]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/157356.jpg)
164
![Phoenix pusilla Gaertner [Phoenix farinifera Roxb.] / O. Beccari, Malesia, vol. 3 : t. 44, fig. 3 (1886-1890) [O. Beccari]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/327599.jpg)
165
![Phoenix pusilla Gaertner [Phoenix farinifera Roxb.] / W. Roxburgh, Icones Roxburgianae (India): t. 78 (1780-1815)](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/463580.jpg)
166
![Phoenix pusilla Gaertner [Phoenix farinifera Roxb.] / W. Roxburgh, Icones Roxburgianae (Kew): t. 78 (1780-1815)](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/461055.jpg)
167
![Phoenix reclinata Jacq. [Phoenix leonensis Lodd. ex Kunth] / Coll. Vélins Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, vol. 6 (Palmae, Agavaceae, Liliaceae s.l., Dioscoreaceae, Commelinaceae, Alismataceae): t. 2 (1824) [P. Bessa]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/258834.jpg)
168
![Phoenix reclinata Jacq. [Phoenix spinosa Schum. & Thonn.] / E.A. von Regel, Gartenflora, vol. 36 : p. 479 (1887)](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/325793.jpg)
169
![Phoenix reclinata Jacq. [Phoenix spinosa Schum. & Thonn.] / E. Step, D. Bois, Favourite Fl., vol. 4 : t. 289 (1896) [D.G.J.M. Bois]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/119983.jpg)
170
![Phoenix reclinata Jacq. [Phoenix spinosa Schum. & Thonn.] / D. Bois, Atl. Pl. Jard., vol. 2 : t. 297 (1893-1896)](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/408318.jpg)
171
![Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. [Elate sylvestris L.] / H.A. van Rheede tot Drakestein, Hort. Ind. Malab., vol. 3 : t. 22 (1682)](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/122794.jpg)
172
![Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. [Elate sylvestris L.] / H.A. van Rheede tot Drakestein, Hort. Ind. Malab., vol. 3 : t. 23 (1682)](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/122795.jpg)
173
![Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. [Elate sylvestris L.] / H.A. van Rheede tot Drakestein, Hort. Ind. Malab., vol. 3 : t. 24 (1682)](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/122796.jpg)
174
![Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. [Elate sylvestris L.] / H.A. van Rheede tot Drakestein, Hort. Ind. Malab., vol. 3 : t. 25 (1682)](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/122797.jpg)
175
![Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. [Elate sylvestris L.] / G.T. Wilhelm, Unterh. Naturgesch. Pflanzenr., vol. 6 : t. 15, fig. 32,33 (1814) [J. Schaly]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/395963.jpg)
176
![Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. [Elate sylvestris L.] / J.B.P.A. de Monet de Lamarck, J.L.M. Poiret, Tabl. Encycl., vol. 4 : t. 893 (1791-1823) [J.E. de Seve]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/350675.jpg)
177

178
![Phoenix loureiroi Kunth / W. Curtis, Bot. Mag., ser. 2, vol. 34(): : p. 441, fig. 4C (2017) [n.a.]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/444501.jpg)
179
![Phoenix reclinata Jacq. [Phoenix spinosa Schum. & Thonn.] / Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, vol. 5(): : p. 44, fig. 16 (1913)](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/512435.jpg)
180

181
![Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. / W. Curtis, Bot. Mag., ser. 2, vol. 34(): : p. 441, fig. 4D (2017) [n.a.]](../ILLUSTRATIONS_thumbnails_small/444502.jpg)
182